Risk assessment for emergency events of infectious disease in outlying areas of large-scale activities / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify and assess the potential public health risks of emergency events of infectious disease in the surrounding areas of Hangzhou during the 11th G20 summit, and to assess their impacts on the G20 summit.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The surrounding cities of Hangzhou included Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui. Background information on infectious diseases in Zhejiang province was collected, and the brainstorming and expert consultation methods were used to identify the risks. The local risks and the impact of local risks on the G20 summit were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The criteria for public health risk was first established. Through the assessments,a total of 27 kinds of infectious diseases in 4 types of public health risks were identified. The impact of these risks on Hangzhou G20 summit was divided into 1 item of high-risk, 12 items of medium risk and 14 items of low risk.According to the results of risk assessment, the recommendations for risk management of respiratory infectious diseases, intestinal infectious diseases, imported infectious diseases like Middle East respiratory syndrome and other infectious diseases were made. With risk management, Middle East respiratory syndrome was not occurred during the G20 summit, and the epidemic situation of other infectious diseases with middle or low risks was almost the same with that of past years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>sThe public health risks of Hangzhou G20 summit from sudden infectious diseases in outlying areas are mainly medium and low risks. The recommendations on risk management provide a basis for reducing the adverse consequences of public health risks in the event of an outbreak of infectious diseases, avoiding the impact of various risk factors in the outlying areas on G20 summit.</p>

The negative psychology for the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the cognition and emotional response of the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza and provide scientific support for group psychological intervention under public health emergency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>57 communities in 19 counties from Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Lishui district of Zhejiang province were selected as survey sites using stratified clustered sampling method from March, 2013 to April, 2014. 2 319 ordinary civilians were chosen using convenience sampling method and 390 individuals who had close contact history with H7N9 avian influenza patients, 109 family members of patients and 281 medical workers, were selected using census method. The inclusion criteria for subjects were: subjects aged over 10 years; could complete the questionnaire independently or with the help of the investigators. A total of 2 709 subjects were surveyed by avian influenza risk perception and response questionnaire, negative emotion questionnaire was also used to see their cognition and negative emotion related to the disease. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the interrelationship between public risk perception, response and negative emotions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>95.10% (2 576)of the subjects have sensed the risk of epidemic and 91.00% (2 465) of the subjects have taken preventive measures in 2 709 subjects. The positive rate for depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis were 36.40% (986) , 37.21% (1 008) , 79.70% (2 159) , 33.41% (905) , 27.69% (750) respectively (χ(2)=1 935.89, P<0.001) ;the P(50)(P(25)-P(75)) of the depression scores of patients' family members, medical workers and the general public were 0.50 (0.00-0.83), 0.17 (0.00-0.67), 0.17 (0.00-0.50) (H= 7.27, P=0.03) ; the neurasthenia scores were 0.20 (0.00-0.60), 0.2 (0.00-0.40), 0.00 (0.00-0.20) (H= 64.74, P<0.001) ; fear scores were 0.83 (0.33-1.17), 0.33 (0.17-0.67), 0.33 (0.17-0.83) (H=30.03, P< 0.001) ; anxiety scores were 0.17(0.00-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.33), 0.00(0.00-0.17) (H=51.82, P<0.001). The neurasthenia, fear, anxiety scores (P(50)(P(25)-P(75))) for females among the public were 0.00(0.00-0.20), 0.50(0.17-0.83), 0.00(0.00-0.17), which were higher than those of male's (0.00(0.00-0.20), 0.33(0.00-0.67), 0.00(0.00-0.17)) (χ(2) values were 5.26, 27.52, 8.29, P<0.05); Among medical staff, the depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis scores for females were 0.33(0.00-0.67), 0.20(0.00-0.40), 0.50(0.17-0.83), 0.00(0.00-0.33), 0.00(0.00-0.50) respectively, which were higher than those of males'(0.00(0.00-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.40), 0.33(0.17-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.17), 0.00(0.00-0.00))(χ(2) values were 7.22, 7.97, 14.46, 4.93, 5.22, P<0.05); for the family members of the patients who were in poor mental conditions when doing self-assessment, their depression and neurasthenia scores were 0.50(0.08-0.96), 0.30(0.00-0.55), which were higher than those of people in good mental conditions (0.17(0.00-0.83), 0.20(0.00-0.60)) (χ(2) values were 12.95, 11.20, P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the subjects' risk perception level was positively correlated with depression, neurasthenia, fear, and hypochondriasis, with the correlation coefficients 0.07, 0.07, 0.08, 0.04, respectively (P<0.05) ; the subjects' risk response level was also positively related with depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis, and the correlation coefficients were 0.09, 0.09, 0.12, 0.05, 0.04, respectively (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The general public was highly concerned about the epidemic of H7N9 avian influenza and developed certain levels of negative emotions. The female, equal or over 60 years old, those with poor educational level, agricultural related occupation and poor physical and psychology health were risk factors of disease related negative emotions. The subject's risk perception and response level was positively related with depression, neurasthenia, fear and hypochondriasis.</p>